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阅读理解七选五题型的主要要求和特点 一、《考试大纲》对阅读理解的主要要求 1. 掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节； 2. 既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念； 3. 既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等； 4. 既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断； 5. 既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。 二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求 试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 阅读理解七选五，即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了《新课标》“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点 1. 符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和《2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 说明》中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构—语法，而后者侧重语言的使用—章法。 2. 注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。 3. 题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了《英语课程标准》的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well. 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 
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